China-bashing is a popular strategy in U.S. elections. It refers to any campaign rhetoric by U.S. candidates that either criticizes China or attacks on the opponents using China-related issues.
The term “China” refers to the People’s Republic of China, which was established in October 1949 by the Chinese Communist Party. It also includes the China Communist regime during the Chinese Civil War during 1945~1949. The term “Chinese” in my research does not refer to the Chinese ethnic groups including the general public in China and the Chinese American in the United States.
The China-bashing is also known as “anti-China rhetoric,” “anti-Chinese rhetoric,” “Chinese-bashing,” “China-bashing card,” and “China card” in various researches and media coverage.
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